First time defined by the 9 old men from Disney and explained
through their book "The Illusion of Life", the 12 animation
principles are the rules which are required to follow in order that an
animation to feel realistic.
Those principles are: Squash and stretch, Anticipation, Staging, Straight Ahead Action and Pose-to-Pose, Follow Through and Overlapping Action, Ease In, Ease Out, Arcs, Secondary Action, Timing,
Exaggeration, Solid Drawing
and Appeal. They
are crucial for animation, and it’s required to remember all of them when animating.
Timing and spacing are related to ease in and out because
they are making the movement feel organic and natural not mechanical and are referring
to acceleration and deceleration.
Squash and stretch could be considered most of the time an
anticipation, so those are related too. Every movement needs an anticipation to
gain power to do it usually represented by squashing.
Overlapping action it is not to confuse with secondary
action. Overlapping is when something like a tail follows the movement but with
few frames delayed (usually a pendulum is the best example). However secondary
action is an action which contribute with the main action and it’s helping it
(like gestures when talking is the main action).
Arcs are also crucial, making the movement feel smooth and
organic. Staging, solid drawings are planning the storyboard and the scene, and
pose to pose and straight ahead are methods of animating.
Finally, exaggeration contribute with appealing, making the
audience understand through exaggerated movements or actions which makes the
animation pleasant or interesting.
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